Sports Science
Communication
Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 9(2):
Effects of core stability exercises on selected motor proficiency indices and
Lida Zare Dizajdizi1, Parivash Nourbakhsh*2, Hossein Sepasi3
1M. A, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 2,3Professor, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
ABSTRACT
Successful performance in many sports such as roller skates, often require recognition and appropriate agility, balance and
KEY WORDS: AGILITY, BALANCE, CORE STABILITY,
INTRODUCTION
For
ARTICLE INFORMATION:
other hand,
*Corresponding Author: Parivashnourbakhsh@yahoo.com Received 15th May, 2016
Accepted after revision 17th June, 2016 BBRC Print ISSN:
Thomson Reuters ISI SCI Indexed Journal NAAS Journal Score : 3.48
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bility exercises, relatively little scientific research has been conducted to show the benefits for healthy roller skater athletes. Panjabi (2003) defined core stability as “the capacity of the stabilizing system to maintain the intervertebral neutral zones within physiological limits”. Core stability is a dynamic term that continually changes to meet postural adjustments or external loads accepted by the body. This concluded that to increase core sta- bility, exercises must be performed that simulate the movement patterns of a given sport. From a sports per- formance view, greater core stability provides a founda- tion for greater force production in the upper and lower extremities (Schibek, 2001). Among the most important factors contributing to physical activity participation is motor proficiency. Motor proficiency is characterized by qualitatively different aspects of both gross and fine motor development and serves as an index of children’s motor development. Children that are competent mov- ers seem to find their participation in physical activity and/or sports enjoyable and, in so doing, form a lifelong association with Physical activity;. However, those with poor movement skills appear to avoid Physical activity. Therefore, hindering the development of their skills, a fact that further restricts their participation in physical activity, dynamic balance and agility are two important parameters of motor proficiency for selection of athletes for various competitions during preseason evaluation. (Venetsanou and Kambas, 2016).
Agility is defined as an effective and quick coupling of braking, changing directions and accelerating while maintaining motor control in either a vertical or hori- zontal direction. An athlete who displays good agility will most likely possess other qualities such as, dynamic balance, spatial awareness, rhythm, as well as visual processing. Developing agility in children is a process that continues over a long period of time. Basic meth- odology of agility training implies the learning of a basic walking technique, running technique, change of direction, jumps and landings (Wroble & Moxley, 2001).
Since balance is such an important aspect in competi- tion, it is necessary to find suitable programs for main- taining proper balance. One such suggestion that has been made in an effort to balance is training. Training the core stability muscles especially has been hypoth- esized as an improvement program. Many researchers use this training for increasing dynamic balance (Chung et al. 2013, Khale, 2009).
Matsuda et al., (2008) reported that laterality was not found in balance for the
Lida, Parivash and Hossein
basketball players, swimmers, and
Previous studies suggest that experience in master- ing the skills or past performance are considered among the most important source of confidence for all ath- letes, (Wiley et al.,2008).Skill Mastering, physical and mental fitness and in other words the sources which can considered as past experiences, are the most impor- tant source of
Thus, the
Lida, Parivash and Hossein
(2014) investigated the effect of recreational sports on the
Roller Skating is a lifetime fitness sport,
Unlike other sports, roller skating can be performed alone which brings absolute freedom for the athletes. Skate roller is an individual sport and the skater is responsible for his success. Skater must rely on his own individual and physical skills and such a mindset brings high level of
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research is an experimental study with the Solomon four group design. It is a way of avoiding some of the difficulties associated with the
For measuring an athlete’s dynamic balance, Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT) is used. The measure of dynamic postural control is inferred from how far a par- ticipant can reach while maintaining a base of support. The SEBT consist a series of 8 unilateral balance tests. In this test, the participant stands at the center of a grid laid on the floor with 8 lines extending at 45 degree incre- ments from the center of the grid. The stance leg perform in the closed kinetic chain with motion occurring at the ankle, knee, and hip joints as the opposite leg reaches along a line in the specified direction. The participant touches the line with the most distal part of the foot and as lightly as possible to ensure they are not also using that leg for support. The reach distance is measured and the subject returns to a bilateral stance while maintain- ing balance. This test is the postural control system as the body’s center of mass is moved in relation to its base of support, making it a useful measure for performance following training.
To assess agility, Agility
0.72and 0.30 respectively, that demonstrate acceptable reliability coefficient of the questionnaire.
The design of the experiment was the Solomon four- group design, considered especially suitable for control of secondary variance, including pretest sensitization to the balance and agility tests. Specifically, pretesting allowed for assessing the equality between two groups, which was necessary for distinguishing the potential results of withdrawal from the generally positive effects of exercise. Initially, 40 subjects registered for the exper-
iment and were randomly assigned to four groups each group 10 subjects. The groups assigned to each were the following: (a)
The core stabilization exercise included of three sub- parts, bed exercises, wedge exercises, and ball exer- cises using a Swiss ball. First, the bed exercises with- out devices contains of bridge exercise, bridge exercise with legs crossed, bridge exercise with one leg,
Table 1: Solomon four group design
Lida, Parivash and Hossein
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data of above Table show the descriptive results related to balance, agility and
Table 4 shows the results of two factor variance anal- ysis of scores balance post- test with two factors
Accordance the results of table 4, besides of main effects of each factors, we can study the interaction effect. As the table shows the main effect of
So, balance of subjects that have pre- test is differ- ent with
According to the design, for testing the second hypothesis of this research that core stability training increases the agility of subjects,
Table 2: Descriptive statistics of research variables in experimental and control groups
Lida, Parivash and Hossein
Table 3: Comparison of homogeneity of variance using Levine’s test in balance
Sig df2 df1 F
0.6 36 3 2.6
the
Table 4: Results of two factor variance analysis of post- test balance scores
Table 5: Comparison of homogeneity of variance using Levine’s test in agility
was investigated using Levine’s F Test. Table 5shows the results of this investigation. According to the results, the significant level is more than 0.05, thus the homogene- ity of variances is correct.
Table 6 shows the results of two factor variance anal- ysis of scores agility post- test with two factors
According the results of table 6, besides of main effects of each factors, we can study the interaction effect. As the table shows the main effect of
According to the design, for testing the third hypoth- esis of this research that core stability training increases
significant level is more than 0.05, thus the homogene- ity of variances is correct.
Table 8 shows the results of two factor variance anal- ysis of scores
According the results of table 8, besides of main effects of each factors, we can study the interaction effect. As the table shows the main effect of
So, agility of subjects that have pre- test is not dif- ferent with
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 week score stabilization exercises on selected motor proficiency indexes (agility and dynamic balance) and
Table 6: Results of two factor variance analysis of post- test agility scores
Table 7: Comparison of homogeneity of variance using Levine’s test in
Sig df2 df1 F
0.3 36 3 3.4
Lida, Parivash and Hossein
It seems that short time of the training is one of the factors.
Table 8: Results of two factor variance analysis of post- test
power, flexibility decreases. The adverse effect of power on flexibility is apparent in many sport, especially in track and field athletes, gymnastics and fitness profes- sional and other athletes. The result of this research is
The second hypothesis that investigates the effect of core stability training on the agility, represents the fact that core stability training has no significant effect in the agility of the participants. To explain this, type and intensity of the exercise may be mentioned so that for implementation a continuous reforms is needed to with- stand the
The neurological processes and systems used in the balance are visual, auditory and sensory input, as well as stimulation of the muscles and joints. Agility also is acquired through its acquisitive nature. Therefore, regardless of the type of training provided in this study, it can be expected to improve results in other age groups as a result of other training exercise. Because of matur- ing status and motor development, this age group does not seem to be able to perform delicate skills which were performed in the agility test. The ability to execute subtle skills that have been implemented as part of the agility test. Thus, the strength measurement can only be able to classify or separate skills and talents. As this research is innovative it is not analogous to other researches.
Finally, the third hypothesis of the research which investigated the effects of core stability exercises on the
pendence and
This research study is not
The findings of this study showed that core stabil- ity exercises have no effect on the agility and it is rec- ommended to investigate the methods to increase this
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